COMPLEMENTARITY AND THE ICC: A JURISDICTIONAL DILEMMA IN THE REALIZATION OF INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE
Keywords:
Complementarity principle, Rome Statute, International Criminal Court (ICC), state sovereignty, criminal accountability, jurisdiction, Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi case, Abdullah Al-Senussi case, state compliance, national prosecutions, domestic legal systems, state willingness, state ability, international crimes.Abstract
The principle of complementarity under the Rome Statute balances state sovereignty with international criminal accountability but can also limit the ICC’s jurisdiction. This article examines its impact through the cases of Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi and Abdullah Al-Senussi, highlighting challenges in assessing state compliance and ensuring justice in politically unstable regions. While complementarity promotes national prosecutions, it can also shield perpetrators when domestic systems are ineffective. The study argues for clearer criteria in evaluating state willingness and ability, ensuring that complementarity does not hinder the ICC’s mandate to prosecute the most serious crimes.
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