TERMS OF LENGTH MEASUREMENT IN THE RUSSIAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE MATERIAL OF LINGUISTIC CORPORA
Keywords:
Terminology; units of length measurement; Russian language; Uzbek language; comparative analysis; corpus linguistics; linguistic corpus; metric system; archaic vocabulary; equivalence; translation; national-cultural semantics.Abstract
The article discusses the terms of length measurement in the Russian and Uzbek languages in a comparative aspect based on the data of linguistic corpora, explanatory dictionaries and dictionary and corpus interfaces. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the units of length measurement are not only a special terminological subsystem that serves scientific, technical and educational discourse, but also an important fragment of the linguistic picture of the world, in which cognitive, historical, cultural, translation and pragmatic parameters. The paper shows that at least two layers of vocabulary coexist in both languages: the modern metric, focused on standardized international scientific communication, and the traditional one, associated with anthropometric, everyday and historically fixed ways of measuring space. It has been established that in the Russian language, archaic units of length, such as arshin, vershok, span, sazhen and versta, in modern use much more often realize the phraseological, expressive and culturally marked potential, while in the Uzbek language the units qarich, quloch, qadam, gaz, chaqirim demonstrate a more lively connection with the figurative nomination, approximate assessment of distance and national-cultural semantics. The comparative analysis made it possible to identify both zones of direct equivalence, primarily in the field of international metric terminology, and zones of incomplete, functional or contextually conditioned correlation, especially in artistic, historical and colloquial discourses. It is concluded that the corpus approach provides a more accurate description of the lexical and semantic structure of terms of length, their combined models, genre distribution and degree of terminologization, as well as creates a reliable basis for bilingual lexicography, translation and teaching of the Russian and Uzbek languages.
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