KATTA ASHULA AND THE HAFIZ TRADITION: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT, PERFORMANCE PRACTICES, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS IN UZBEK CLASSICAL MUSIC

Abstract

The present study examines the historical development, performance practices, and psychological foundations of katta ashula, one of the most distinctive genres of Uzbek classical music, and its close association with the tradition of hafizlik (master vocal artistry). As an integral component of the oral-professional musical heritage of Uzbekistan, katta ashula embodies not only musical expression but also the aesthetic values, spiritual worldview, and emotional experiences of the people. The study employs historical-comparative, musicological, and psychological approaches to investigate the formation of the genre, its artistic features, and the role of vocal psychology in performance. Particular attention is paid to ensemble singing practices, vocal interpretation, emotional expression, auditory perception, and artistic imagination. The research demonstrates that katta ashula is a complex artistic phenomenon governed by its own performance principles and aesthetic criteria. Furthermore, the concept of hafizlik is shown to encompass not only vocal mastery but also moral authority, pedagogical competence, and cultural leadership within the traditional music environment. The findings reveal that successful performance of katta ashula requires the integration of musical literacy, vocal technique, ensemble coordination, emotional intelligence, and psychological preparedness. The study also highlights the significance of preserving traditional master-disciple pedagogical methods while adapting them to contemporary music education. Ultimately, the article argues that the preservation and scholarly promotion of katta ashula are essential for safeguarding Uzbekistan’s intangible cultural heritage and ensuring its transmission to future generations.